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BEDAH BUKU INDONESIA


PENULIS NOVEL The Rise of Majapahit, Setyo Wardoyo, berjumpa dengan para pelajar SMA Santa Laurensia, Serpong, Banten, kemarin. Pada kesempatan itu, Setyo menyatakan kagum atas pemikiran kritis yang ditunjukkan pelajar saat ini. Pasalnya, dalam acara bedah buku, kepada General Affair Manager Harian Media Indonesia yang akrab disapa Yoyok itu, para pelajar kelas X SMA Santa Laurensia tidak hanya melontarkan pertanyaan terkait dengan novel yang ditulisnya.

“Banyak yang bertanya dan mengaitkan dengan kondisi bangsa kita saat ini. Mereka khawatir kita tidak bisa lagi bangkit dan jaya seperti masa lalu,” ucapnya.

Munculnya sikap kritis tersebut, katanya, antara lain karena keinginan para pelajar untuk membaca buku dan mencari literasi terkait dengan kondisi negara saat ini dan membandingkannya dengan negara lain. Hal itu, lanjut dia, dapat berpengaruh positif terhadap perkembangan bangsa.

Dalam kesempatan yang sama, Kepala SMA Santa Laurensia Theja Kurniawan menyatakan ajang bedah buku tersebut merupakan salah satu cara sekolah itu dalam merayakan Hari Buku Nasional. Menurutnya, ada satu buku yang dijadikan bahan bacaan dan diskusi dalam setiap tingkatan.

“Semua buku itu harus memiliki nilai-nilai luhur. Kalau di kelas X, bukunya The Rise of Majapahit. Buku berjudul Ronggeng Dukuh Paruk dan Bumi Manusia untuk kelas XI dan XII,” ucap Theja. Ia juga mengatakan, dengan adanya buku bacaan wajib, saat para murid berkumpul, mereka menjadi lebih banyak berdiskusi soal bacaan. “Bahkan pada saat di kantin pun mereka mendiskusikan tentang bacaan mereka,” ujarnya. (MI)

THE RISE OF MAJAPAHIT (KINGDOM)

Historical Fiction Novel


Short Foreword

At the end of thirteen centuries, Singosari Kingdom was on the move to unite Nusantara, a region consist of a group of island in South East Asia. It was a heyday for a Kingdom who were ruled by a King named Sri Kertanegara. In 1289, Meng Khi, an admiral from Mongolia, came to the Kingdom to convey a message from Kubilai Khan. The Mongolian Caesar wanted Singosari became his dominion and bowed to his authority.

According to Kudadu epigraph, Singosari Kingdom official name is Tumapel. Its first king was Ken Arok who has been titled as Sri Rajasa Bhatara Sang Amurwabhumi. It's written in Negarakretagama Book that Tumapel was established in 1222 with Kutaraja as its capital. Apart from Java Island, Negarakretagama also said that Melayu, Bali, Pahang (one of the states of Malaysia), Gurun (Maluku Islands), and Bakulapura (West Kalimantan) were under Singosari's reign.

The message conveyed by Meng Khi irked Kertanegara. The monarch has pledged that Nusantara will never bow to any nation on earth. Angered, Kertanegara rejected the Mongolia decree, cut the emissary ear and expelled him to return to his country.

In 1292, lead by King Sri Jayakatwang, Gelang-Gelang, one of Singosari's dominion, attacked Kutaraja. According historical record, Tumapel was holding Tantrayana rite in the palace when the attack occured. The only war commander on duty to guard the palace was Narrarya Sanggrama Wijaya or also known as Raden Wijaya. Outnumbered, Raden Wijaya and his men could not dispel the assault.

At that time, Tumapel's defense was indeed weakened. Since 1275, most of its military power had been deployed in Pamalayu Expedition under the command of Senopati Sarwajala (Admiral) Mahisa Anabrang. Mahisa was tasked to embrace kingdoms in Sumatera Island, Melayu Peninsula and also to weave alliance with Campa Kingdom. Pamalayu Expedition was also meant to strengthen Tumapel influence in Malaka Strait, one of the most important shipping line in the South Asia.

Due to the attack, the palace became sea of fire and Kertanegara was killed. Dyah Gayatri, one of Kertanegara daughter, was caught and captived by the enemy. Escaped from death, Raden Wijaya with three senior officers--Lembu Sora, Nambi, and Ardaraja--and six hundred soldiers flee to Madura. In Madura, Raden Wijaya and his men asked for a political asylum from Arya Wiraraja, the duke of Songeneb (Sumenep).

Adviced by Arya Wiraraja, Raden Wijaya returned to Java and surrendered to Sri Jayakatwang who had established a new kingdom in Kediri. Saying that he will abide to Sri Jayakatwang's rule, Raden Wijaya asked for a plot of land in Tarik Forest to settle and to build hunting ground for the Kediri king.

The request was granted. With the help from his men and Madura people sent by Arya Wiraraja, the forest was prepared to be a hamlet named Tarik Village. During his chore, one of Madura's labour, felt thirsty and picked a fruit from maja or wilwa tree. The fruit tasted really bitter (pahit). Since then, Tarik Village was renamed as Majapahit Village.
***
Sri Kertanegara's rejection on Mongolia's proposal came with a heavy price. Lead by commander Ike Mese, Shih Pi and Gao Xing, Kubilai Khan sent approximately one thousand ships containing twenty thousand to punish the sovereign.

In early 1293, the Mongolian forces have reached Java Island and harboured at Tuban and Hujung Galuh (Tanjung Perak) port. Splitted in two, both forces continued its journey to Tumapel down to the Brantas River and by land. In just few days, the two forces merged and established a bulwark in a region named Canggu.

On its journey, Ike Mese heard the news that Singosari has collapsed and Sri Kertanegara died. By then, Java was under the rule of Sri Jayakatwang who has erected new government in Daha Palace, Kediri capital. Since Kubilai Khan instructed him to punish Singosari King or its successor, Ike Mese continued its plan to execute the king.

While planning the attack, the Mongolian crossed with Raden Wijaya and agreed to merge their forces to overthrow Kediri Kingdom. Raden Wijaya promised Ike Mese that Java will succumb, admit Mongolia authority and pay tribute to Kubilai Khan.
An agreement was made!

The attack devastated Daha Palace. More than five thousand Kediri's soldiers died. Sri Jayakatwang and his son, Ardaraja, was excecuted by the Mongolian while on board the ship harboured at Hujung Galuh. More than a hundred Sri Jayakatwang's kinsman were caught and taken to Mongolia.

The promise given by Raden Wijaya was only a lure to trapped the Mongolian. Right at the time when the Mongolian was celebrating its victory, Raden Wijaya's men stormed the party. Demolished, the Mongolian forces were scattered. Some of its forces survived the ordeal and sail back to their country.

***


If only Ike Mese understood the wisdom of Java's realm throught its signs, the Mongolian forces would not have been humiliated to bear its first defeat throughout history. Unfortunately, the shrills of the last kedasih birds indicating peril in northen Kediri were heard when the chief commander of the Mongolian army had fallen asleep after his stomach filled with Javanese arrack (arak). Eventhough his suspicion has arroused a few days earlier. Why do every time the birds sing, a major event marred with bloodshed followed?

The unwariness of Ike Mese was fatal. More than three thousands soldiers were killed and lost in the battle to subjugate Java that last for almost four months. Ike Mese also destroyed Kubilai Khan's dream to expand his territory to the southern region. Ike Mese's fleet return to his country without any pride, except for some loots as a token of its journey.

Shortly after its failure to conquer Java, the Yuan Disnaty raised by Kubilai Khan started to crumble. While in the southern hemisphere, the 'sprout' that has been left by Kertanegara was set to grow to become a strong and big kingdom respected by nations throughout South Asia.

Majapahit!
On 12 November 1293, Raden Wijaya was corronated as the first king of Majapahit with title of Sri Kertarajasa Jayawardhana. Everywhere on earth, the Mongolian victorius, but not in Nusantara. (SW/ADF)

Jakarta, April 28, 2009
Summarized from various literature

Published by Grasindo Publisher
Address: Jl. Palmerah Barat No. 29 - 37 Jakarta 10270, Indonesia.
Phone: (62) (021) 536 50 110 - 111.  Fax: (62) (021) 536 98 095, 536 98 098.
E-Mail: ariobimo@gramediapublishers.com
www.grasindo.co.id.

TAK BERMIMPI, NYATANYA IA PENULIS HEBAT

"Jika ingin mengenal dunia, Maka Membacalah, Namun jika ingin dikenal oleh Dunia, Maka Menulislah”

"Setiap kata yang terucap akan berlalu bersama angin, tetapi setiap kata yang tertulis akan tetap mengabdi bersama zaman"

Kutipan diatas menjadi gambaran saya terhadapad sosok Setyo Wardoyo, Sang Penulis Buku “The Rise of majapahit”. Dalam bukunya pun Ia menyisipkan kutipan yang menarik “Jika engkau kehilangan kesabaranmu, maka engkau akan hilang kesempatanmu”

Awalnya tidak pernah bercita-cita, mimpi pun tidak, ingin menjadi seorang penulis, apalagi dikaitkan dengan rutinitas kesehariannya yang amat padat bahkan nyaris tidak berhubungan langsung dengan kegiatan menulisnnya tapi itulah Setyo Wardoyo, yang mampu menyisihkan sedikit waktu hingga melahirkan karya tulis yang hebat.

Saat bertemu di Plaza Media Indonesia, Jumat (12/2/2016) Ia menjabat tangan saya sangat erat, sembari berucap ; terima kasih atas suportnya karena The Rise of Majapahit kini kembali dicetak lagi (cetak tahap ke 2), Katanya.

Ketika ditanya, apakah bukunya yang baru sudah terbit dan siap beredar?

Karena banyaknya permintaan Buku The Rise of Majapahit, maka penerbitan buku yang baru terpaksa kami tunda, tunggu saja, buku yang baru akan dilengkapi dengan beberapa ilustrasi gambar yang menarik dan pastinya akan lebih hebat dari buku yang pertama, Tegas Setyo.

Bagamana Anda membagi waktu dengan kesibukannya yang amat padat dan apa rahasianya buku The Rise of Majapahit laris manis dipasaran?

Mau tau jawabannya? Hubungi langsung Setyo Wardoyo dan sebaiknya Anda jadi temanan dulu agar bisa curhat sepuas-puasnya, Silakan ke Akun personal Facebooknya www.facebook.com/kerajaanmajapahit790



Penulis : Abunawarbima

THE RISE OF MAJAPAHIT, COURAGE TO COMBINE HISTORY WITH DRAMA

Kedasih birds were chirping at a night when Mongolian war commander Ike Mese was drunk after celebrating victory against King Jayakatwang in Kediri, East Java.

Local people believed that a bad thing would happen if the birds were twittering.

The belief was proven right. Prince Raden Wijaya of the Singosari Kingdom suddenly attacked the drunken commander and thousands of his troops. He defeated and chased them away and then established the Majapahit Kingdom in 1293.

'€œMongolia was powerful everywhere, except Nusantara,'€ Setyo Wardoyo said about the climax of his first novel, The Rise of Majapahit, during a recent book discussion in Matraman, East Jakarta.

He said Mese was not the first commander sent by Mongolian Emperor Kubilai Khan.

In 1289, he said, Kubilai delegated Meng Khi to meet with Singosari Kingdom King Sri Kertanegara. Meng handed him a letter that instructed Kertanegara to recognize the sovereignty of Mongolia.

The letter made Kertanegara angry and offended him, since he had sworn that his kingdom would not bow to other nations. He then cut off one of Meng'€™s ears and dismissed him, he said.

Kubilai, he said, was furious not only because Kertanegara rejected his demand for the third time, but also because he made his envoy return home with only one ear.

To express his anger, Kubilai instructed Mese to attack Singosari, leading some 20,000 troops and 1,000 warships, Setyo said.

When Mese was on the way to Java, he heard that King Sri Jayakatwang of the Gelang-Gelang Kingdom had destroyed Singosari and killed Kertanegara in 1292.

However, the revenge did not stop. Mese'€™s new target was Jayakatwang because Java was under his power. Jayakatwang established Daha palace, he said.

Upon his arrival in Java, Mese met Wijaya, the son-in-law of Kertanegara. Like Mese, Wijaya also wanted to kill Jayakatwang for revenge. The two then decided to team up and won.

To celebrate the victory, Mese held a drinking binge, which was the moment Wijaya used to attack them.

Some of the Mongolian soldiers who escaped the bloodbath then informed Kubilai of their embarrassing defeat.

'€œWriting this novel took me one and half years. It combined historical facts with fictional plots. Around 75 percent of this story was fictional,'€ Setyo said.

He said that the inspiration to write the novel came to him when he and his friends were discussing colossal films, questioning why they could not be as popular as Hollywood and Bollywood movies. In January 2013, he began writing.

Although his story is a fiction, he said it did not change historical facts and details. He even conducted research by visiting various museums and cities in East Java believed to be the sites where the scenes happened. '€œI also visited Singosari district in Malang [East Java],'€ Setyo says.

The Rise of Majapahit has received various comments from readers.

Historian Restu Gunawan, for example, criticized the word '€œNusantara'€ that frequently appears in the story, saying that it creates a perception that such word had existed since the era of Singosari.

He said the word Nusantara gained popularity after Gajah Mada, a powerful military leader and mahapatih (prime minister) of the Majapahit kingdom, vowed not to taste any spices until he had conquered all of the Southeast Asian archipelago, then known as Nusantara, for the empire. The oath is popularly known as the Sumpah Palapa (Palapa Oath). Ki Hajar Dewantara, the founding father of national education, then popularized the word again.

Restu said the author should be careful using word to prevent misunderstandings among readers, especially students. '€œHe [Setyo] also mentioned '€˜shiny clean floor'€™ Kris on page 10. It was annoying because there were no ceramics during that era,'€ he said.

He also underlined a moment when Kertanegara cut Meng'€™s ear by using a Javanese dagger, the kris. '€œThe kris is a weapon to stab, not to cut,'€ he added, deeming Setyo to be '€œtoo dramatizing'€.

However, Restu, who is also the Education Ministry'€™s deputy director for cultural diplomacy, also praised Setyo for carefully describing things that were inappropriate for underaged readers, such as free sexual intercourse and binge drinking.

National Resilience Institute (Lemhanas) lecturer Adi Sujanto praised Setyo for having the courage to write a historical novel, something that many other writers find not attractive because of its high level of difficulty.

If Setyo plans to write a sequel to the novel, he encouraged him to add more about leadership values and add a map to help give a geographical sense to the readers.

'€œSetyo has worked hard and intelligently with full integrity and loyalty. We should appreciate his work since it is hard to find this kind of novel,'€ he said.

A. Kurniawan Ulung
The Jakarta Post
____________

The Rise of Majapahit
Written by Setyo Wardoyo
Edited by Adi Pramono
Published by Grasindo, 2014
399 pages

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